AS brief 2 task3

When producing my continuity exercise i had to go through the stage of editing. By going through the stage of editing this allowed me to produce a finished product. When i was editing i had to do many different steps to produce the advert.

The first step i had to do when i was producing my continuity exercise was uploading footage. I had to upload the footage be able to start the editing. When i was uploading the footage i had to upload it in small sections to be able to edit each part of the video .

When I wanted to import my footage of my video I had to go to file and to capture project. Once I started to capture project it captured the advert in different parts which would make it easier for me to edit. After the footage was uploaded I organised it in to order of what events happened which would help me be able to edit each part separately. Also when editing my video I used a different range of editing tools. The tools that I used mainly was;

1.     Razor blade tool- this allowed me to cut parts of the footage into different parts of the advert, this also allowed me to make sure that the advert was cut within the right place.

2.     Pen tool- the pen tool this allowed me to add the effect of fading in and out pictures and music.

3.     Crop tool – the crop tool allowed me to crop parts of the video this tool was mainly used when I only wanted to crop a small part of the video.

When I was producing my video I had to create text to allow the audience to know the main purpose of what the video was selling. The way I created text was I went to the text button on final cut express then once I clicked that I went on to text then press text once the side bar came up. 

Then a box appears that says sample text once that has appeared you press controls then this allows you to write in the text box .Also when creating the text you can change the colour the font and also the way the text moves. 

After i added the text in to the video i needed to make sure that the sound of the people speaking was matching the action with in the video. I had to make sure the speaking matched up to the acting line.  

However once my advert was finished I had to export my video, I had to under take many different steps.The first step that I had to do was go to file then press export then when export has been pressed I had to make sure it would be exported by using quick time conversion.  

The second step I had to do was click options. Once options was clicked a white box would show up with different formats that I could change. 

  

I had to change certain settings that needed to be changed was compressor type this needed to be changed to MPEG4 video. Then I had to change the key frames to automatic, and the compressor to medium and finally the date rate to limited 600.  Then had to make sure that I pressed okay so it saved the changes on that setting. 

The next settings that I had to change was the size settings. I had to changed it o compressor negative then click on the drop down menu and change it to 320x240 QVGA, then click it to make sure it was saved. 

The final settings that needed changing was sound settings.  I had to sound format to AAC then change the channel to Mono, then had to save the changes.

Finally I had to save the file as something that I would recognize then make sure I pressed saved.

Also with the continuity exercises that I produced I had to upload it to youtube.  I had to go onto the inter then go on to youtube once I was on youtube I had to log in to my account then I had to go to upload. Once I have pressed upload this screen will show up, then once the screen below has appeared i needed to press upload. 

 

I had to selct the file that I wanted to upload then wait for it to load. Once it was loaded to youtube I had to make sure that it was under a name that I would easily remember so it could be found quickly. Once it was uploaded I saved it. 

As brief2 task 2

When planning our continuity video we needed to separate people into separate roles. The roles that we needed to separate of into ate ;

1. Director
2. Camera operator 
3. Sound operator 
4. Editor 

The director of our group was every one because we all bonded our ideas into one brain storm but Jack to the main role of being the director. The camera operator was Daniel he was the person who was capturing all of the footage which would make our continuity exercise. The sound operator was jordan he was making sure that the microphone was picking up the sound and also that microphone was being connected to the right person when speaking. Finally I was the editor for the continuity exceris but however each person with in the group had to make their own edited version of the continuity exercise.

The picture bellow is a picture of the brain storm we came up with as a group. The brain storm helped us bring our ideas for the continuity exercise all into one but also to help us organise the different roles.

The picture bellow is a picture of daniel operating the camera when filming our footage.

The picture bellow is a picture of jordan checking that the microphone is working.

The picture below is a picture of lauren editing the footage.

The picture below is of jack being the director giving the signal for daniel to start recording.

continuity video Task1 brief 2

180 degree rule- 

In medial the 180 degree rule is a guideline regarding the on screen spatial relationship which is between a character and another character or and objective with in the scene.  The picture below is showing the 180 degree rule.


Match on action- 

Match on action is known as cutting on action this is an editing technique for continuity editing in which one shot cuts to another shot portraying the action of the subject in the first shot.  Match on action creates the impression of a sense of continuity the action carrying through will create a visual bridge which draws viewers attention away from the cutting or continuity issues.

eye line match-

Eye line match is a film editing technique which is associated with continuity editing. Eye line match is based on the premise that the audience will want to see what that character on screen is seeing. Eye line match starts with a character looking at something which is off screen, then it will be followed by a cut to the object or person at what they are looking at.

Shooting schedule-

Day	Scene	Location	Equipment	Costumes	Props	Cast +Crew
12 Jan 2013 13 Jan 2013	School study   room stairs School study   room	Robert clack Robert clack	Camera tripod Camera tripod	Casual Clothes  Casual clothes	N/A N/a	Lauren Daniel Jack and Jordan  Lauren Daniel Jack and Jordan

Story bored -

Animatic 

   





Continuity exercise

brief 1task3 part 2

Editing to rhythm 

Editing  Rhythm is used when editors want to keep the pace of the film to match the action that is going on. Slow cuts and edits have a calming feel to the edit where as a fast cut edit has a lively and aggressive feel to the edit. 

cutting to soundtrack- 

Cutting to soundtrack is when an editor chooses this technique because this means that the editing point will determined on a soundtrack being used. The most common way editors choose to do this technique is by editing to a song track. An example of cutting to soundtrack is "glee"  this is a good example because the beat of the music helps the editor determined on the point that editing is done.

cross cutting 

Cross cutting is what an editor will do after they have created a series or a scenes or sequences, this will allow them to re order them. By cross cutting this allows them to create drama that will allow them to go forwards and backwards in time. Cross cutting can be used for when a character is either having a flash back or a flash forward.  An example of a film that uses cross cutting is the film The Godfather. 

 

brief 1 task 3

Editing-

Editing is the process of looking at all the footage that was shot during the making of a film or a TV program. However placing it in the desired ordered and joining it together is also a main part of editing,. When producing films or tv programs they would be captured on celluloid which 35mm this is also known as a film. Within editing there are two key areas that people concentrate on with editing these are;

• Speed of editing- how long does each shot last 
• style of editing- how each shot is joined to the next 

Speed of editing- 

With the speed of editing with in a film each scene mat last a matter of seconds. It could also continue for minuets but the length of each sequence will establish the pace of the film moving and also the action along. The speed of editing will help to determine the mood which is being created on the screen. When the audience feel anxiety and suspense this means that the editing will be quick also the scenes and shots will be changing frequently. An example of this is an action film.  However if there is more of a relax mood this means that scenes last longer and will change less frequently. An example of this is a romantic comedy. With the speed of editing it is important to consider how quickly or how slow the shots appear within a sequence. Also you would need to consider how long each shot will appear on screen for. An example of all the important things you should consider when looking at the speed of editing is The good the bad and the ugly.
The duel out of the good the bad and the ugly is good example of showing speed of editing because this video is showing different speeds of editing, different shots that are used with in editing. However because its an action film the shots are more shorter and there are more of them, by the director doing this this is building tension and suspense to the audience.

No editing-
No editing is when there is no cuts within the film this is when the film is filmed in one shot. An example of this is the russian Ark.








Trailer-
A trailer is a short clip of a film that has been picked out by the director of the film to be shown to the public. Trailers are used when they are trying to advertise the film for the first time to make people want to come and watch the film. The trailer would be a dramatic part of the film to make the viewer want to know what will happen next and want them to go and see it. Each film that is made will have a trailer to be shown to the public. An example of a good trailer is iorn man







Opening to films-

Opening to films will be started of in a exciting or in a dramatic way to make sure that the view is going to be engaged and interested in the film. Also when opening films they will either use famouse lines or they will make sure there is going to be a drama scene to make the viewer interested. An example of a good opening of a film is spider man



Action of sequence

Action of sequence shows the editor using fast editing. An example of action of sequence is Psycho the shower scene.



Style of editing-

There are many different styles of editing that are used when editing a movie or a program. The different styles if editing are;

1. how the shots are linked together 
2. the movement from one shot to the next is known as transition 

Straight cut- 

The straight cut is the most common and also known as the "invisible" form of transition. However with one shot moves instantaneously to the next without attracting the audience's attention.  with straight cuts they help to retain reality in the film world. Straight cuts the do not break the viewers suspension of disbelief.

Dissolves-

when editing if someone fading one sot off the screen while another shot is fading in. However the audience will be able to see both shots on the screen this will be at the mid-point of the dissolve. This can be used if a film maker wants to show connection between two characters, places or objects.

Fades-

Fades are gradual darkening or lightening of an image until it becomes black or white. With fade shots one shot will fade until only a black screen or white screen will be visible to the audience. This can be used to show the passing of time, it also can indicate the end of a particular section of time within the story.

The video Citizen Kane identifies several different types of editing such as dissolves, fades and straight cuts.


 Wipes-

Wipes are when one image is pushed of the screen by another, this means an image can be pushed left or right. With wipes it is more common for them to pushed off the left hand side as this moment is more consistent, with the sense of time moving forward. Wipes can be used when a single movement between different locations that are experiencing the same time. A film where wipes are used is Star wars.
Jump cut-

Jump cut is where the audience attention is brought into focus on something very suddenly. Jump cuts occur by braking the continuity editing. This is also known as discontinuity. this will appear as if a section of the sequence has been removed. an example of a film that uses a jump cut is a bout de souffle


Graphic match-

A film maker can choose to place shot in a certain order, this will help create a smooth visual transfer from one frame to the other. When there are two consecutive shots that are matched in terms of the way they look this is called a GRAPHIC match. Films that use graphic matches are

• war of the worlds 
• raiders of the lost ark 
• psycho
• space odyssey 

An example of a film that uses graphic match is Psycho which was made by Alfred Hitchcock .

Montage theory- 

Lee Kuleshov was the very first person to theorise about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920's. Lev Kuleshov argued that editing a film is like "constructing a building", brick by brick in film language shot by shot the building erected (film). Around the 1918 a russian director called Lev kusleshov conducted and experiment that proves this point. He proved his point by taking an old film clip of a head shot of a noted russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.

an example of montage theory-

montage editing-
Montage editing contains many different images quickly edited together. The images do not provide a sense of the narrative moving forward but are still meaning full. Rapid cuts will force the viewer to consider the connections between the images that are being shown, however there may not be an obvious connection or they might be deliberately unconnected. They are often used to reflect chaso, tension or disturbance, a characters state of mind.  Finally this may haver an overall thematic or visual connection.
An example of of montage editing "the montage" sequence from team America world police



Another example of montage is soviet montage . An example of where soviet montage is used is in the film Sergei eisentein strike continuity editing-

Continuity editing retains a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward. They may do this by using flash backs or flash forwards. But however the the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in an expected/ realistic way.

Continuity editing contains 3 different types;

1. Eye line match 
2. match on action 
3. Graphic match 

Eye line match- 

Eye line match is when a character is looking at something off the screen and, then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at. 

Match on action- 

Match on action is when the audience see a character start an action in one shot then see them continue it in the next.

Graphic match- 

Graphic match is when to shots are linked with a similar shape or composition of an image. An example of a good graphic match is in the film psycho.

AS1 Brief 1 part 4

Analogue editing/ digital editing-

Analogue editing is the cutting together or pieces of celluloid film and cutting and colouring the celluloid all by hand.

Digital editing is a form of electronic media that data is stored in a digital, where as analogue editing is all stored on celluloid digital is stored in folders. Digital editing s the use of computers to order and manipulate digital data. The main program that is used for digital editing is final cut express, there are many different versions of this program but it is also is supported by apple. 

Video editing- 

video editing is the process of editing in parts of motion video production. This could be from footage special effects and sound recordings which was in the post production process. However before digital technology became available magnetic tapes were used to store the informatio. The tapes where know as video tapes. Finally with editing it has been superseded by digital editing, this has happened because digital editing is faster and also a cheaper option to edit because you only have to pay for the software and the computer where as doing it all by hand you will need to keep renewing tools and also buying more tape. 

Non linear editing- 

In digital video editing non linear editing is a method. This a method that allows someone to access any frame in the digital clip, this is regardless of the sequence in the clip. This is also the freedom to access any frame which will use a cut and paste method which is similar to the ease of cutting and pasting in a word document. also it allows you to easy to include many different techniques such as fades,transitions and other effects that cannot be achieve with linear editing.  

AS1 Brief 1 part 3

In camera editing-

In camera is a latin phrase which stands for "in chambers" this is translated to camera editing because this means that some editors will edit the film within the camera but if they edit it within the camera and the editing goes wrong they will have to redo that recording again. In camera editing is known as a technique of video production, the videographer shoots the shots in the exact order that they will be viewed in, this a very unique technique and process that many videographers may be intimidated by. The process of in camera editing takes an immense amount of planning so that all the shots are filmed and to be made sure that they will be viewed within that order. With in camera editing there is no cutting out and editing scenes later on. Once the videographer has filmed the very last scene then this means the production is completely finished.  An example of in camera-


following the action-

Following the action is when there is movement or an in action scene. With a follow the action the camera would follow the event or the action that is taking place. An example of following the action is Mr&Mrs smith-
With the example above the camera is rotating around the gun battle to show more of the action instead of the director staying at one angle.

Multiple points of view-

Multiple points of view is when the characters or the actors are showing each side of a particular point of view. Also they will show where one character will show what he or she is seeing then it will change to the second character and repeat of what they have done to the first character. An example of a film that uses multiple points of views is iron man.



Shot variation-

Short variation is when there is a shot that is uninterrupted by editing and the shot distance is changed. The shot will either be static or mobile but it must be a continuous motion. An example of this is when the shot begins as a long or wide shot then ends in a close up. An example from the matrix is a prime example because its starts as a long shot then the camera moves in a circular motion and ends in a mid shot.


Manipulation of diegetic time and space-
Manipulation of the diegetic time and space is when a film uses effects that will show and age or a time change. When the time is changing it can either be a person, a object or an environment which is either getting older or younger. There are many films that use this technique but a prime example is The time machine, in this film the time traveller enters the time machine and the time machine and the environment changes as the traveller is travelling through time.

AS1 Brief 1 part 2

Montage example-
However another example of montage is apocalypse now which is made by Francis Ford Coppola. This film was made in 1979 it was an epic war film that was set during Vietnam war.




Methods of montage- 

Montage is motion picture terminology, which is from the french for putting or assembly is a film technique. There are three different terms for montage;

• The first term is by the french which is practice "montage" has its literal french meaning which is "assembly, installation and simply identifies editing". 
• The second term of montage is by Soviet film-making of the 1920's- Montage is a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shots alone. 
• The third term of montage is by Classical Hollywood cinema- Montage sequence is a short segment inf a film which narrative information which is presented in a condensed fashion. 

A film that shows an example of montage sequence is Rocky when he is preparing for his fight. 

Soviet montage theory- 

Sergei Eisenstein was a student of the Russian Director Lev Kuleshov. but they both parted away as they both had different ideas of montage. Eisenstein thought montage as a dialectical means of creating meaning, this was done by contrasting unrelated shots he tried to provoke associations in the viewer, which was induced by shocks. An example to show Sergei theory is Strike, also another example is battleship potemkin

Continuity editing- 

Continuity editing retains a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling of time is moving forward. They may use flash backs or flash forwards but the narrative will still be seen in the process of going forward in an expected or realistic way. Continuity editing became known as the popular “classical Hollywood” style of editing which was developed by early European and American directors such as D.W. Griffith in his films The birth of the Nation and Intolerance. The classical style ensures temporal and spatial continuity. They would use many different techniques such as;

1.     180 degree rule

2.     Establishing shot

3.     Shot reverse shot

4.     Eye line match

5.     Match on action

6.     Graphic match

Eye line match-

Eye line match is when we see a character looking at something that is off the screen and then we cut to a short of what they’re looking at. the image below is showing an example of eye line match. 

Match on action-

Match on action is when we see a character at the start of an action in on shot them see them continue it in the next shot.

Graphic match-

Graphic match is when two shots are linked with a similar shape or composition of an image. The picture below is an example of graphic match from the film psycho the circular image of the plug whole with the next image of marions eye. 

French new wave-

French new wave film makers such as Jean Luc Godard and Francosi Truffaut, went far with limits of editing techniques during the late 1950’s and also throughout the 1960’s. French new wave films and the non-narrative films of the 1960’s used carefree editing style an didn’t conform to the traditional editing etiquette of Hollywood films. French new wave films editing mainly drew attention it itself because of the lack of continuity and its self-reflexive nature, but finally the over use of jump cuts of the insertion of material not often related to any narrative. An example where jump cuts are over used is A bout de soufflé -

The first Moviola- 
Before the widespread of use of non-linear editing systems there was initial editing. Initial editing was done with a positive copying copy of the film negative this was called a film work print which was also known as copying in the UK. By someone physically cutting and pasting together bits of film they would do this by using a splicer then they would thread the film onto the machine then it will then be able to be viewed from  Moviola.

Final cut- 

In the 21st century most films are now edited on a piece of software called Avoid or final cut express. In the 21st century most of the films will be edited digitally. Due to the advent of digital intermediate other wise none as DI the physically negative doesn't physically need to be cut or spliced together. The negative is optically scanned into a computer onto the software and a cut list is confirmed by a DI editor. There are many different types of final cut software's these are;

1. Final cut pro 5
2. final cut studios
3. final cut express HD
4. final cut express 4

and there are many more types. Also with final cut express its supports are Apple, this product is mainly run from Apple products for example Apple Mac.

Rules of editing-

The Hollywood director called Edward Dmytryk came up with seven rules of cutting, which a good editor should follow. The rules he came up with are;

1. Never make a cut without a positive reason
2. when undecided about the exact frame to cut on cut the frame long instead of short.
3. Whenever possible cut in movement
4.  the "Fresh" is preferable to the "stale"
5. all scenes should begin and end with continuing action
6. cut for proper rules rather than proper "matches"
7. Substance first then form

The seven rules above are the rules that the Hollywood director followed to make so many people successful with in cutting and editing.

Walter Murch's-

Walter Murch's also came up with six main criteria for evaluating a cut or deciding where to cut. Walter Murch's had a different view to the rules that the Hollywood director Edward DMytryk came up with. The rules that Walter Murch's came up with they was put into order of importance first then
given a national percentage values. The six criteria Walter came up with are;

• Emotion 51%- does the cut reflect what the editor believes the audience should be feeling at that moment
• Story 23%- Does the cut advance the story
•  rhythm 10%-does the cut occur at a moment that is rhythmically interesting and right
• Eye trace 7%-does the cut pay respect to the location and movement of the audience focus of interest with in the frame
• Two dimensional plane of the screen 5%- Does the cut respect the 180 degree rule ?
• Three dimensional space of action 4%- is the cut true to the physical/spatial relationship within the diegesis.

AS1 Brief 1 task1

In this post I will be talking about how editing has changed over the past 50 years. Also I will be talking about how many different people have inspired editing to make editing at 

the stage it is at in the 21^st century.

The Lumiere brothers-

Editing first started with The Lumiere Brothers. Thomas Edison’s company invented a film camera and a projector. The Lumiere brothers was a short film that was on a long, static and lock down shot. When the film was being made they only need use motion in the shot, this was the only shot that was necessary to the film to amuse the audience. The first film only showed simple activities such as traffic moving on a street. This can be seen in the film Sortie D’usine which was made by The Lumier brother’s. This film was 45 seconds long and was shown to the public on 22 March 1895. The film shows the output of workers which was mostly women in the factory.  This film was a still shot film with an continues shot, this means that there was no cuts or editing with in the film. 

Edwin S.Porter

Edwin S. Porter was thought to be an American film marker, who was the first person to put editing into use within film. Before Porter started his career within the film industry he was an electrician. When he started his career within film in 1890’s he join the film laboratory of Thomas Alva Edison. With editing there was no story to it, each film was run in a still shot, which would of not been cut it would run for as long as the film that was in the camera for. An example for this a film called The Miller and the Sweep which was made in 1898.  

Also a year after making The Miller and the sweep in 1898, not long after that G.A.Smith made another film which was called the kiss in the tunnel. The kiss in the tunnel was made in 1899. The kiss in the tunnel was a silent comedy which was set to mark narrative editing. The kiss in the tunnel was on of the longest films that was made to the date, it ran for 1minuet and 3 seconds.



Short films where the only films what where about, but when Edison motion picture studio decide that they wanted to increase the length of short films Edison turned to Edwin S.Porter. However Porter made a breakthrough with the film called Life of an American Fireman which came out in 1903. This was the first film that ever had a plot of action, and also a close up of a hand pulling a fire alarm. The film the life of an American Fireman was the longest film to that day in age which ran for 6 minuets and 3 seconds, which was a massive increase to film. Porter discovered important aspects of motion picture language are;

1.  When showing a image of a person it does not need to show the person from head to toe
2. That splicing together two shots will create the viewers mind a contextual relationship

The two point above was the key discoveries that made all no live or no live on tape narrative pictures and television possible. Also the shots could be photographed at widely different locations over a period of time for example hours, day or even months these would be combined into a narrative whole.

 

D.W Griffith 

Griffith was a U.S film director and also was one of the early supporters of the power of editing. Griffith made use of cross cutting which helped him show parallel action which was taken place in different locations. . Griffths  work was high regarded by Lev Kuleshove and was greatly influenced to film makers to show the understanding of editing. An example where Griffith is showing editing within a film is The birth of the Nation. The Birth of the Nation was made in 1917 and it was a silent drama. The birth of the Nation was based on the Novel The clansman.

Also in the same year D.W.Griffith made another film which was called the great train robbery. The grate train robbery was made in 1903. The great train robbery is an American western film, this film is 12minuets long it is considered a milestone in film making. This film used a number innovative techniques this includes composite editing, camera movement and no location shooting.


Lev Kuleshov- 

Lev Kuleshov was among the first who theorized about the relatively young medium of the cinema with in the 1920’s.  Kuleshov argues that when editing a film it is just like constructing a building. With film it is shot by shot where as a building is brick by brick. Around 1918 the Russian director done an experiment that helped proves this point. With this experiment the Russian director took an old film clip of a head shot of an actor and inter cut the shot with many different images. The picture bellow is showing Lev Kuleshov experiment which is called the montage theory. The original images that where used to explain montage theory was a bowl of soup then a child playing with a teddy bear, then a shot of a women in a casket. 

When the Russian director showed the film to people they praised the actors and the acting within the film because the hunger in the actors face when the bowl of soup was shown, then the delight in the child and finally the grief when looking at the dead women. But the shot of the actors was years before the other shot's but they never saw any of the items. Finally the act of juxtaposing the shots in a sequence made the relationships. A film that shows the ideas of the montage theory is a film called Man with a Movie Camera. 

Parallel editing 

Parallel editing is known as cross cutting this is a film editing technique of continuity editing, that establishes the relationship between two subjects by cutting one to other. The film below is a part of the God father which was made by Fancis For Coppol, this is a film that is showing cross cutting at the end of the film. Another example of parallel editing is the horse that bolted which was made in 1907.

as brief 1 Task 2

Editing for purpose- 

There are four different types of editing for a purpose. These are; 

1. Story telling
2. engaging the viewer 
3. development of drama 
4. relationship to genre 
5. creating motivation 
6. combining shots into sequence 
7. creating pace 

Story telling

Story telling is used when editing because its used for many different reason. Some reasons why story telling is used when editing are; 

• engage the viewer into the film 
• to help develop drama in a movie 
• to help provide a relationship to the genre 

When making a film there are many different genres that will be taken to mind by a director for example; 

• action 
• romance 
• horra 
• science fiction 

But when someone is telling a story the relation to the genre helps to create the story of the film.

 engaging viewer-

The editing may be telling a story by engaging the viewer. This could happen by the director creating drama with the film. The editing can be done so that it becomes more dramatic to the audience, which will make the audience more engaged within the film. By adding suspension and drama this will have the viewers sitting on the edge of their seat. Also to engage the viewer the editing could be related to the genre and also the music for example if it was a scary movie the movement in the film would me fast editing and also music to match the action.

Development of drama

Development of drama can be shown through editing. This can be shown by speeding up the editing this would want to make people want to watch more of the film and also it will create suspense aswell as drama.

Relationship to genre-

In editing the relationship can be related to the genre. For example if it was a horror then the editing would be fast and also the movement within the film would be quick and dramatic. They will do this to show the drama in a film to make people want to know more what will happen. This will mainly be used at the end of a film.

Combining shots into sequences- 

Combing shots into sequences is the process of the editor putting all together the shots that are from the footage to help make them flow.  When all the shots have been individually edited they can be placed together in a sequence. A successful edit will mean that the sequence will look good, the edit needs to look invisible thats why editors cut to action. 

Creating motivation- 
This is when the director creates the characters to beehive well together. A way in which they can do this is by using an eye line match. 

Creating Pace

Editing can also can create pace in a film. The pace of the film will match the action of what is going on within the film. This will show that for example if it was a scary movie the pace would be quick where as if it was a romantic it would be a slow and steady pace.