Editing-
Editing is the process of looking at all the footage that was shot during the making of a film or a TV program. However placing it in the desired ordered and joining it together is also a main part of editing,. When producing films or tv programs they would be captured on celluloid which 35mm this is also known as a film. Within editing there are two key areas that people concentrate on with editing these are;
- Speed of editing- how long does each shot last
- style of editing- how each shot is joined to the next
Speed of editing-
With the speed of editing with in a film each scene mat last a matter of seconds. It could also continue for minuets but the length of each sequence will establish the pace of the film moving and also the action along. The speed of editing will help to determine the mood which is being created on the screen. When the audience feel anxiety and suspense this means that the editing will be quick also the scenes and shots will be changing frequently. An example of this is an action film. However if there is more of a relax mood this means that scenes last longer and will change less frequently. An example of this is a romantic comedy. With the speed of editing it is important to consider how quickly or how slow the shots appear within a sequence. Also you would need to consider how long each shot will appear on screen for. An example of all the important things you should consider when looking at the speed of editing is The good the bad and the ugly.
The duel out of the good the bad and the ugly is good example of showing speed of editing because this video is showing different speeds of editing, different shots that are used with in editing. However because its an action film the shots are more shorter and there are more of them, by the director doing this this is building tension and suspense to the audience.
No editing-
No editing is when there is no cuts within the film this is when the film is filmed in one shot. An example of this is the russian Ark.
Trailer-
A trailer is a short clip of a film that has been picked out by the director of the film to be shown to the public. Trailers are used when they are trying to advertise the film for the first time to make people want to come and watch the film. The trailer would be a dramatic part of the film to make the viewer want to know what will happen next and want them to go and see it. Each film that is made will have a trailer to be shown to the public. An example of a good trailer is iorn man
Opening to films-
Opening to films will be started of in a exciting or in a dramatic way to make sure that the view is going to be engaged and interested in the film. Also when opening films they will either use famouse lines or they will make sure there is going to be a drama scene to make the viewer interested. An example of a good opening of a film is spider man
Action of sequence
Action of sequence shows the editor using fast editing. An example of action of sequence is Psycho the shower scene.
Style of editing-
There are many different styles of editing that are used when editing a movie or a program. The different styles if editing are;
The duel out of the good the bad and the ugly is good example of showing speed of editing because this video is showing different speeds of editing, different shots that are used with in editing. However because its an action film the shots are more shorter and there are more of them, by the director doing this this is building tension and suspense to the audience.
No editing-
No editing is when there is no cuts within the film this is when the film is filmed in one shot. An example of this is the russian Ark.
Trailer-
A trailer is a short clip of a film that has been picked out by the director of the film to be shown to the public. Trailers are used when they are trying to advertise the film for the first time to make people want to come and watch the film. The trailer would be a dramatic part of the film to make the viewer want to know what will happen next and want them to go and see it. Each film that is made will have a trailer to be shown to the public. An example of a good trailer is iorn man
Opening to films-
Opening to films will be started of in a exciting or in a dramatic way to make sure that the view is going to be engaged and interested in the film. Also when opening films they will either use famouse lines or they will make sure there is going to be a drama scene to make the viewer interested. An example of a good opening of a film is spider man
Action of sequence
Action of sequence shows the editor using fast editing. An example of action of sequence is Psycho the shower scene.
Style of editing-
There are many different styles of editing that are used when editing a movie or a program. The different styles if editing are;
- how the shots are linked together
- the movement from one shot to the next is known as transition
Straight cut-
The straight cut is the most common and also known as the "invisible" form of transition. However with one shot moves instantaneously to the next without attracting the audience's attention. with straight cuts they help to retain reality in the film world. Straight cuts the do not break the viewers suspension of disbelief.
Dissolves-
when editing if someone fading one sot off the screen while another shot is fading in. However the audience will be able to see both shots on the screen this will be at the mid-point of the dissolve. This can be used if a film maker wants to show connection between two characters, places or objects.
Fades-
Fades are gradual darkening or lightening of an image until it becomes black or white. With fade shots one shot will fade until only a black screen or white screen will be visible to the audience. This can be used to show the passing of time, it also can indicate the end of a particular section of time within the story.
The video Citizen Kane identifies several different types of editing such as dissolves, fades and straight cuts.
Wipes-
Wipes are when one image is pushed of the screen by another, this means an image can be pushed left or right. With wipes it is more common for them to pushed off the left hand side as this moment is more consistent, with the sense of time moving forward. Wipes can be used when a single movement between different locations that are experiencing the same time. A film where wipes are used is Star wars.
Jump cut-
Jump cut is where the audience attention is brought into focus on something very suddenly. Jump cuts occur by braking the continuity editing. This is also known as discontinuity. this will appear as if a section of the sequence has been removed. an example of a film that uses a jump cut is a bout de souffle
Graphic match-
A film maker can choose to place shot in a certain order, this will help create a smooth visual transfer from one frame to the other. When there are two consecutive shots that are matched in terms of the way they look this is called a GRAPHIC match. Films that use graphic matches are
Montage theory-
Lee Kuleshov was the very first person to theorise about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920's. Lev Kuleshov argued that editing a film is like "constructing a building", brick by brick in film language shot by shot the building erected (film). Around the 1918 a russian director called Lev kusleshov conducted and experiment that proves this point. He proved his point by taking an old film clip of a head shot of a noted russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.
an example of montage theory-
montage editing-
Montage editing contains many different images quickly edited together. The images do not provide a sense of the narrative moving forward but are still meaning full. Rapid cuts will force the viewer to consider the connections between the images that are being shown, however there may not be an obvious connection or they might be deliberately unconnected. They are often used to reflect chaso, tension or disturbance, a characters state of mind. Finally this may haver an overall thematic or visual connection.
An example of of montage editing "the montage" sequence from team America world police
Another example of montage is soviet montage . An example of where soviet montage is used is in the film Sergei eisentein strike continuity editing-
Continuity editing retains a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward. They may do this by using flash backs or flash forwards. But however the the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in an expected/ realistic way.
Continuity editing contains 3 different types;
Match on action is when the audience see a character start an action in one shot then see them continue it in the next.
Dissolves-
when editing if someone fading one sot off the screen while another shot is fading in. However the audience will be able to see both shots on the screen this will be at the mid-point of the dissolve. This can be used if a film maker wants to show connection between two characters, places or objects.
Fades-
Fades are gradual darkening or lightening of an image until it becomes black or white. With fade shots one shot will fade until only a black screen or white screen will be visible to the audience. This can be used to show the passing of time, it also can indicate the end of a particular section of time within the story.
The video Citizen Kane identifies several different types of editing such as dissolves, fades and straight cuts.
Wipes-
Wipes are when one image is pushed of the screen by another, this means an image can be pushed left or right. With wipes it is more common for them to pushed off the left hand side as this moment is more consistent, with the sense of time moving forward. Wipes can be used when a single movement between different locations that are experiencing the same time. A film where wipes are used is Star wars.
Jump cut-
Jump cut is where the audience attention is brought into focus on something very suddenly. Jump cuts occur by braking the continuity editing. This is also known as discontinuity. this will appear as if a section of the sequence has been removed. an example of a film that uses a jump cut is a bout de souffle
Graphic match-
A film maker can choose to place shot in a certain order, this will help create a smooth visual transfer from one frame to the other. When there are two consecutive shots that are matched in terms of the way they look this is called a GRAPHIC match. Films that use graphic matches are
- war of the worlds
- raiders of the lost ark
- psycho
- space odyssey
An example of a film that uses graphic match is Psycho which was made by Alfred Hitchcock .
Montage theory-
Lee Kuleshov was the very first person to theorise about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920's. Lev Kuleshov argued that editing a film is like "constructing a building", brick by brick in film language shot by shot the building erected (film). Around the 1918 a russian director called Lev kusleshov conducted and experiment that proves this point. He proved his point by taking an old film clip of a head shot of a noted russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.
an example of montage theory-
montage editing-
Montage editing contains many different images quickly edited together. The images do not provide a sense of the narrative moving forward but are still meaning full. Rapid cuts will force the viewer to consider the connections between the images that are being shown, however there may not be an obvious connection or they might be deliberately unconnected. They are often used to reflect chaso, tension or disturbance, a characters state of mind. Finally this may haver an overall thematic or visual connection.
An example of of montage editing "the montage" sequence from team America world police
Another example of montage is soviet montage . An example of where soviet montage is used is in the film Sergei eisentein strike continuity editing-
Continuity editing retains a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward. They may do this by using flash backs or flash forwards. But however the the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in an expected/ realistic way.
Continuity editing contains 3 different types;
- Eye line match
- match on action
- Graphic match
Eye line match-
Eye line match is when a character is looking at something off the screen and, then we cut to a shot of what they are looking at.
Match on action-
Match on action is when the audience see a character start an action in one shot then see them continue it in the next.
Graphic match-
Graphic match is when to shots are linked with a similar shape or composition of an image. An example of a good graphic match is in the film psycho.
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